Question - Acceleration of an Astronaut and a Satellite Due to an Applied Force

To find the acceleration of the astronaut and satellite, we can use Newton's second law, \( F = ma \), where \( F \) is the force applied, \( m \) is the mass, and \( a \) is the acceleration.

For the astronaut:

\[ a_{astronaut} = \frac{F}{m_{astronaut}} = \frac{30\,N}{60\,kg} \]

\[ a_{astronaut} = 0.5\,ms^{-2} \]

For the satellite:

\[ a_{satellite} = \frac{F}{m_{satellite}} = \frac{30\,N}{300\,kg} \]

\[ a_{satellite} = 0.1\,ms^{-2} \]

Both the astronaut and the satellite will experience these accelerations in opposite directions due to Newton's third law of equal and opposite reaction.